Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (September 14, 1849 – February 27, 1936) was a Russian, and later Soviet, physiologist psychologist, and physician.

He discovered that he could train a dog to know when he was about to eat. He figured out that when the dog heard the fottsteps he started drooling because he knew he was going to eat. Then Pavlov inserted tubes at the sides of the dogs mouth so he could observe when the dog started drooling. Then he used other objects to disguise the fottsteps, and the dog would drool.

For example If a bell was sounded in close association with the meal, the dog learnt to associate the sound of the bell with food. After a while, at the mere sound of the bell, the dogresponded by drooling.

John B. Watson And The Little Albert Experiment

John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American Psychologist who established the Psychiological school of behaviorism.

He carried out the famous "Little Albert" Experiment. In this experiment, he took a little baby and decided to prove that fears were learned. He took a rat a monkey a dog a mask a burning paper a stuffed animal and started putting them in front o f little albert and he liked them. Then he put the rat in front and the banged a metal tube with a hammer so little albert started to cry. Now everytime he saw the rat or a furry object, he now related it to the loud noise and started crying and tried to get away from the object.

With this, Watson could prove that fears are learned and that we are not born with them.